By Anita Kumar and Lesley Clark

The sudden death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia sets up a high stakes election-year showdown in which the voters – as much as or more than the president and Senate – may ultimately decide the direction of the court.

President Barack Obama will face enormous pressures first to nominate a liberal, magnified by the surprisingly strong challenge of self-described socialist Bernie Sanders for the Democratic nomination to succeed him. Liberal groups are emboldened by Sanders’ early successes against Hillary Clinton and pressing already to have their way with Obama’s choice.

At the same time, that makes it all but certain the Republican Senate will refuse to even consider Obama’s choice, preferring to leave the seat vacant and hoping that a Republican could win the White House this November and make a new choice – even though they also may lose control of the Senate at the same time. GOP leaders in the Senate and for the party’s presidential nomination moved quickly to signal that the Senate will indeed wait until after the election.

“The American people should have a voice in the selection of their next Supreme Court justice,” Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Kentucky, said in a statement Saturday. “Therefore, this vacancy should not be filled until we have a new president.”

Democrats want Obama to nominate a replacement immediately – in case they lose the White House.

“It would be unprecedented in recent history for the Supreme Court to go a year with a vacant seat,” Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada said in a statement. “Failing to fill this vacancy would be a shameful abdication of one of the Senate’s most essential Constitutional responsibilities.”

“The Republicans in the Senate and on the campaign trail who are calling for Justice Scalia’s seat to remain vacant dishonor our Constitution,” Clinton said in a statement. “The Senate has a constitutional responsibility here that it cannot abdicate for partisan political reasons.”

It’s been more than 80 years since a Supreme Court justice has been confirmed in an election year to a vacancy that occurred that year, experts said.

But Obama, who faces criticism from those on the left who think he has not gone far enough on a variety of issues, will push him to nominate someone quickly. And they won’t abide a moderate who might have a better chance at winning some moderate Republican support in the Senate.

“We fully expect and encourage President Obama to swiftly nominate a replacement justice who shares our progressive values, including protecting abortion rights and overturning Citizens United,” said Charles Chamberlain, executive director of Democracy for America, a liberal group.

“I can’t speak to the politics, but there’s no good reason for failing to confirm when you have qualified judges out there… failing to confirm would leave the Court short staffed for nearly a year.” Elizabeth Wydra, president of the liberal-leaning Constitutional Accountability Center.

Thomas Keck, a professor of constitutional law and politics at Syracuse University’s Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, said Obama could presumably nominate someone moderate enough or appealing to a valuable constitution groups that a few senators could be brought along, such as the court’s first Asian American, or someone relatively older, who might not serve as long but has a distinguished record.

“My guess is that the White House will try, knowing full well it might not work,” he said, noting that forcing Senate Republicans to block a qualified Asian or Hispanic candidate could carry “political cost” for Republicans.

One name frequently mentioned as a potential Obama jurist is Sri Srinivasan, who Obama nominated to the DC circuit. He’s well respected and would be the first Asian American on the high court.

Scalia, one of the court’s conservative icons, was nominated to the Supreme Court in 1986 by President Ronald Reagan. His replacement would tip the balance of power of the nation’s highest court, which now consists of four conservatives and four liberals. Conservative Justice Anthony Kennedy sometimes joins with the liberals on high profile issues, including gay rights and the death penalty.

“There has never been an election-year confirmation that would so dramatically alter the ideological composition of the court,” said Ed Whelan, who clerked for Scalia and currently serves as the president of the Ethics and Public Policy Center. “Senate Republicans would be grossly irresponsible to allow President Obama, in the last months of his presidency, to cement a liberal majority that will wreak havoc on the Constitution. Let the people decide in November who will select the next justice.”

Some Republican presidential candidates, who gathered in South Carolina for a debate, agreed.

“Justice Scalia was an American hero,” Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas tweeted. “We owe it to him & the nation, for the Senate to ensure that the next President names his replacement.”

“The next president must nominate a justice who will continue Justice Scalia’s unwavering belief in the founding principles,” Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Florida said in a statement.

Republican presidential candidates tend to emphasize three points when they discuss their prospective Supreme Court appointments: They want someone who would outlaw most abortions, dilute the executive power they believe Obama has exercised too much, and kill Obamacare.

Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders, the Democratic candidates, both stress the need to have justices who would better control money in politics and uphold equal rights laws. They want stricter enforcement of laws making it easier for minorities to vote, for instance, and for women to be assured of equal pay.

Bill Dal Coll, a veteran GOP campaign operative, said Scalia’s death will push the court to the top of the agenda for voters in both parties.

“In the general election, it will highlight that the next president will have one, maybe four picks,” Dal Coll said. “From a conservative standpoint, because Scalia was such an icon, I think it energizes Republicans more.”

But even if Republicans win the White House, they could have a rough time retaining control of the Senate next year. Of the 34 seats up in 2016, the GOP holds 24 and Democrats 10. Democrats need a net gain of five seats to win control, four if the party wins the White House.

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This article appeared in at least the following additional outlets:

* Bellingham (WA) Herald (online)

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* Centre Daily Times (State College, PA) (online)

* Charlotte (NC) Observer (online)

* Columbus (GA) Ledger-Enquirer (online)

* Fresno (CA) Bee (online)

* The Herald (Rock Hill, SC) (online)

* Island Packet (Hilton Head, SC) (online)

* Kansas City (MO) Star (online)

* Lexington (KY) Herald Leader (online)

* Merced (CA) Sun Star (online)

* Miami (FL) Herald (online)

* Modesto (CA) Bee (online)

* News & Observer (Raleigh, NC) (online)

* News Tribune (Tacoma, WA) (online)

* Sacramento (CA) Bee (online)

* Star Telegram (Fort Worth, TX) (online)

* The State (Columbia, SC) (online)

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* The Telegraph (Macon, GA) (online)

* Tri-City (WA) Herald (online)

* The Tribune (San Luis Obispo, CA) (online)

* Wichita Eagle (online)

* Winston Salem Journal (online)